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• Space (The empty space between and within elements)
• Space to direct attention (Add lots of space around an element to direct the viewer’s attention to it)
• Density (The elements in a design can be packed closely or far apart)
• Spacing scales (You should use a set of specific spacing sizes that work well together)
• Inner and outer space (The spacing used inside groups should be less than the spacing outside groups)
• More padding in longest direction (Sometimes—buttons are a good example—the padding in a container should be larger in that containers longest direction)